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多巴胺系统参与调节海马相关脑功能的作用研究进展

任静¹, 莫唯一¹, 王玲^1,2,3,4, 倪广健^1,2,3,4, 杨佳佳^1,2,3,4,*

¹天津大学医学部医学院，天津 300072；²天津大学脑机接口与人机共融海河实验室，天津 300072；³天津大学天津市脑科学与神经工程重点实验室，天津 300072；⁴天津大学先进医用材料与医疗器械全国重点实验室，天津 300072

摘要

多巴胺作为一种在中枢神经系统中广泛分布的儿茶酚胺类神经递质，通过多条多巴胺信号通路参与动机、唤醒、增强、运动等生理功能。大脑海马脑区接收来自腹侧被盖区、蓝斑、黑质等脑区的多巴胺能神经元投射，借助D1 样和D2 样受体，对海马相关的空间导航、情景记忆、恐惧焦虑、奖赏等功能发挥了重要调节作用。本综述主要从海马中多巴胺来源、受体分布及作用、海马多巴胺系统失调相关的神经退行性疾病等方面对多巴胺在海马脑区的功能研究进展进行综述，希望为进一步明确多巴胺系统参与海马脑区功能及相关疾病的诊治提供帮助。

关键词： 海马; 多巴胺; 多巴胺受体; 学习记忆; 神经退行性疾病

Research progress on the role of dopamine system in regulating hippocampal related brain functions

REN Jing¹, MO Wei-Yi¹, WANG Ling^1,2,3,4, NI Guang-Jian^1,2,3,4, YANG Jia-Jia^1,2,3,4,*

¹Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China；²Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Fusion Haihe Laboratory, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China；³Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China；⁴State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

Abstract

Dopamine, as a catecholamine neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central nervous system, is involved in physiological functions such as motivation, arousal, reinforcement, and movement through various dopamine signaling pathways. The hippocampus receives dopaminergic neuron projections from regions such as the ventral tegmental area, locus coeruleus, and substantia nigra. Through D1-like and D2-like receptors, dopamine exerts significant regulatory effects such as spatial navigation, episodic memory, fear, anxiety, and reward. This review mainly summarizes the research progress on the functions of dopamine in the hippocampus from aspects including the sources of dopamine, receptor distribution and function, and the association of hippocampal dopamine system dysregulation with neurodegenerative diseases. The aim is to provide insights into the involvement of the dopamine system in hippocampal functions and the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.

Key words: Hippocampus; dopamine; dopamine receptor; learning and memory; neurodegenerative diseases

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：杨佳佳　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2025.0055

引用本文：

任静, 莫唯一, 王玲, 倪广健, 杨佳佳. 多巴胺系统参与调节海马相关脑功能的作用研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2025; 77 (5): 893-904.

REN Jing, MO Wei-Yi, WANG Ling, NI Guang-Jian, YANG Jia-Jia. Research progress on the role of dopamine system in regulating hippocampal related brain functions. Acta Physiol Sin 2025; 77 (5): 893-904 (in Chinese with English abstract).