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孤束核参与高血压中枢调控的研究进展

田雨¹, 李娜¹, 张翼^1,2, 王红杰^1,3,4,*

¹河北大学基础医学院，保定 071000；²河北医科大学生理学教研室，石家庄 050017；³河北大学临床医学院，保定 071000；⁴河北省慢性肾脏病骨骼代谢生理学重点实验室，保定 071000

摘要

孤束核是接收并整合心血管调节信号传入的第一级中枢，其通过参与心血管反射，在维持正常自主神经活动及血压调节中发挥重要作用。孤束核内的神经元之间形成复杂的突触连接，并与其他脑区相互作用。孤束核通过压力感受器反射、交感神经活动、肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统和氧化应激等多种途径调节自主神经活动及血压。孤束核功能异常可能导致高血压。研究孤束核在血压中枢调控的作用，以及干预孤束核相关的神经递质和信号通路，可为高血压的防治提供新思路。本文总结了迄今为止有关孤束核调节自主神经活动及血压的研究结果和亟待解决的问题，旨在为今后研究提供参考和借鉴。

关键词： 孤束核; 自主神经; 高血压; 压力反射; 交感神经传出; 氧化应激

Research progress of nucleus tractus solitarius involved in central regulation of hypertension

TIAN Yu¹, LI Na¹, ZHANG Yi^1,2, WANG Hong-Jie^1,3,4,*

¹College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China；²Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China；³College of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China；⁴Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Skeletal Metabolic Physiology of Chronic Kidney Disease, Baoding 071000, China

Abstract

The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is the primary brain region for receiving and integrating cardiovascular afferent signals. It plays a crucial role in maintaining balance of autonomic nervous system and regulating blood pressure through cardiovascular reflexes. Neurons within the NTS form complex synaptic connections and interact reciprocally with other brain regions. The NTS regulates autonomic nervous system activity and arterial blood pressure through modulating baroreflex, sympathetic nerve activity, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and oxidative stress. Dysfunctions in NTS activity may contribute to hypertension. Understanding the NTS' role in centrally regulating blood pressure and alterations of neurotransmission or signaling pathways in the NTS may provide rationale for new therapeutic strategies of prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the research findings on autonomic nervous system regulation and arterial blood pressure control by NTS, as well as unresolved questions, in order to provide reference for future investigation.

Key words: Nucleus tractus solitarius; autonomic nervous; hypertension; baroreflex; sympathetic nerve outflow; oxidative stress

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：王红杰　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2025.0020

引用本文：

田雨, 李娜, 张翼, 王红杰. 孤束核参与高血压中枢调控的研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2025; 77 (1): 85-94.

TIAN Yu, LI Na, ZHANG Yi, WANG Hong-Jie. Research progress of nucleus tractus solitarius involved in central regulation of hypertension. Acta Physiol Sin 2025; 77 (1): 85-94 (in Chinese with English abstract).