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高强度间歇训练对人体运动后过量氧耗影响的研究进展

苏洋洋^1,*, 董晓宁², 吴秀琴²

¹新疆政法学院基础教学部，图木舒克市 843900；²福建师范大学体育科学学院，福州 350117

摘要

恢复期人体代谢升高与运动后过量氧耗(excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, EPOC)增加有关。EPOC与运动时间呈线性关系，与运动强度呈指数关系。通常认为近最大强度间歇训练促使人体产生较大的EPOC。本文通过梳理高强度间歇训练(high-intensity interval training, HIIT)的起源和发展，解析其概念、分类和作用，分析其对人体EPOC的影响。HIIT促使EPOC在快速恢复期内显著升高，而缓慢恢复期内EPOC的变化目前仍无定论；冲刺间歇训练(sprint interval training, SIT)促使EPOC在整个恢复期内显著升高。与HIIT相比，在进行中等强度持续训练(moderate-intensity continuous training, MICT)时机体的能量消耗显著增加，人体摄氧量(oxygen uptake, VO2)显著增加，但MICT运动过程合并恢复期(24 h)的总能量消耗和总VO2与HIIT相近，表明HIIT恢复期体内产生了更大的EPOC。间歇训练提高EPOC的机制包括增加肺通气和儿茶酚胺分泌，加速体循环，提高体温，促进糖原再合成、快肌纤维快速募集和线粒体呼吸解耦联，上调低氧诱导因子1α和骨骼肌蛋白，以及改善肠道菌群多样性等。

关键词： 高强度间歇训练; 运动后过量氧耗; 摄氧量; 氧亏; 能量消耗

Research progress of the effects of high-intensity interval training on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in human

SU Yang-Yang^1,*, DONG Xiao-Ning², WU Xiu-Qin²

¹Department of Basic Teaching, Xinjiang University of Political Science and Law, Tumushuke 843900, China；²School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China

Abstract

Elevated human metabolism during recovery is associated with increased excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). EPOC is linearly related to exercise duration and exponentially related to exercise intensity. It is commonly believed that near-maximal intensity interval training prompts the body to produce greater EPOC. This review focuses on the origin and development of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), analyzes its concept, classification and function, and discusses its effects on human EPOC. HIIT promotes a significant increase in EPOC during the fast recovery period, whereas the changes of EPOC during the slow recovery period are still inconclusive; Sprint interval training (SIT) promotes a significant increase in EPOC throughout the whole recovery period. Compared with HIIT, the body’s energy expenditure and oxygen uptake (VO2) increase significantly during moderate- intensity continuous training (MICT), but the total energy expenditure and VO2 during exercise and 24 h of recovery period are similar between the two types of exercises, indicating that greater EPOC is generated during the recovery period of HIIT. The mechanisms by which interval training improves EPOC include increasing lung ventilation and catecholamine secretion, accelerating systemic circulation, increasing body temperature, promoting glycogen resynthesis, rapid recruitment of fast twitch muscle fibers and uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration, up-regulating hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha and skeletal muscle protein, as well as improving intestinal flora.

Key words: high-intensity interval training; excess post-exercise oxygen consumption; oxygen uptake; oxygen deficit; energy expenditure

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通讯作者：苏洋洋　　E-mail:

引用本文：

苏洋洋, 董晓宁, 吴秀琴. 高强度间歇训练对人体运动后过量氧耗影响的研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2024; 76 (5): 849-861.

SU Yang-Yang, DONG Xiao-Ning, WU Xiu-Qin. Research progress of the effects of high-intensity interval training on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in human. Acta Physiol Sin 2024; 76 (5): 849-861 (in Chinese with English abstract).