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肾脏铜稳态平衡调控机制的研究进展

刘雨晴, 余晨^*

同济大学附属同济医院肾内科，上海 200065

摘要

铜是生物体必需的微量金属元素，作为多种酶的辅因子或结构成分参与重要的生物代谢过程。遗传性或获得性的铜稳态失衡，包括铜过载、缺乏或分布不均，均可导致或加重某些疾病，如门克斯病、威尔逊病、神经退行性疾病、贫血、心血管疾病、肾脏疾病和癌症。近年来研究表明，慢性肾脏病与细胞内铜过载密切相关。因此，肾脏组织细胞必须形成一个有序、高效的铜调控网络以维持细胞内铜稳态。本综述旨在总结肾脏细胞内铜的摄取、胞内转移、分储和排泄过程及其中的可能调控机制，以期为肾脏相关疾病的基础研究及临床防治提供理论基础和潜在的治疗靶点。

关键词： 铜; 稳态; 肾脏; 铜转运蛋白; 铜伴侣蛋白

Research progress on regulatory mechanism of renal copper homeostasis

LIU Yu-Qing, YU Chen^*

Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China

Abstract

Copper is a vital trace metal element necessary for the functioning of living organisms. It serves as a co-factor or structural component in numerous enzymes, participating in crucial biological metabolic processes. Disruptions in copper homeostasis, whether inherited or acquired, such as copper overload, deficiency, or uneven distribution, can contribute to or exacerbate various diseases, including Menkes disease, Wilson’s disease, neurodegenerative disorders, anemia, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases and cancer. Recent research has highlighted the close correlation between chronic kidney disease and intracellular copper overload. Therefore, renal cells must establish a well-organized and efficient copper regulation network to maintain intracellular copper homeostasis. This review summarizes the processes of copper uptake, intracellular trafficking, storage, and excretion in renal cells, and elucidates the underlying mechanisms involved, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and potential therapeutic targets for the fundamental investigation and clinical management of kidney-related diseases.

Key words: Copper; homeostasis; kidney; copper transport protein; copper chaperones

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：余晨　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2024.0028

引用本文：

刘雨晴, 余晨. 肾脏铜稳态平衡调控机制的研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2024; 76 (3): 487-495.

LIU Yu-Qing, YU Chen. Research progress on regulatory mechanism of renal copper homeostasis. Acta Physiol Sin 2024; 76 (3): 487-495 (in Chinese with English abstract).