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神经血管耦合反应与认知功能：衰老的影响和运动的干预作用

何亦敏, 吴春丽, 董宇茉, 吴华朵, 王谦, 姜宁^*

天津体育学院运动健康学院，天津市运动生理学与运动医学重点实验室，天津 301617

摘要

衰老是一个自然过程，伴随着认知功能的逐渐恶化。随着人口老龄化，越来越多老年人患有认知障碍。以往的研究更多关注炎症和氧化应激等在衰老中对认知功能的影响。最近人们发现，神经血管耦合(neurovascular coupling, NVC)——一种脑血流量的调节机制，可能在衰老相关的认知障碍中起到重要作用。NVC反应可保证大脑活动时有充足的能量物质和氧气供应，进而提升认知功能。然而随着年龄的增长，NVC反应会逐渐减弱，这可能是衰老诱导认知障碍的机制之一。鉴于NVC反应在大脑中的重要作用，有必要去寻找能改善NVC反应、促进认知功能的干预方法。运动是一种延缓衰老和改善认知功能的有效手段，且运动对NVC反应也有一定的促进作用。本文综述了NVC反应的调节机制、NVC反应与认知功能的关系，并探讨了衰老和运动干预对NVC反应的影响，以期为运动干预改善老年人NVC反应、促进认知功能提供新的研究思路。

关键词： 神经血管耦合; 认知功能; 衰老; 运动

Neurovascular coupling responses and cognitive function: The impact of aging and the interventional effect of exercise

HE Yi-Min, WU Chun-Li, DONG Yu-Mo, WU Hua-Duo, WANG Qian, JIANG Ning^*

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China

Abstract

Aging is a natural process accompanied with a progressive deterioration of cognitive functions. With an aging population, more and more elderly people are suffering from cognitive impairment. Previous studies have paid more attention to the impact of inflammation and oxidative stress on cognitive function during aging. Recently, it has been discovered that neurovascular coupling (NVC), a mechanism regulating cerebral blood flow, may play a significant role in aging-related cognitive impairment. NVC responses regulate the supply of energy substances and oxygen during brain activity, which in turn enhances cognitive function. However, as people grow older, NVC responses gradually weaken, which may be one of the mechanisms underlying aging-induced cognitive impairment. Given the important role of NVC responses in the brain, it is necessary to search for intervention methods that can improve NVC responses and promote cognitive function. Exercise is an effective means to delay aging and improve cognitive function. It also has a certain promoting effect on NVC responses. This article reviews the regulatory mechanisms of NVC responses, the relationship between NVC responses and cognitive function, and explores the effects of aging and exercise intervention on NVC responses, hoping to provide new research ideas for exercise intervention to improve NVC responses and promote cognitive function in the elderly.

Key words: neurovascular coupling; cognitive function; aging; exercise

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：姜宁　　E-mail: ningyunlong@163.com

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2023.0092

引用本文：

何亦敏, 吴春丽, 董宇茉, 吴华朵, 王谦, 姜宁. 神经血管耦合反应与认知功能：衰老的影响和运动的干预作用[J]. 生理学报 2023; 75 (6): 903-917.

HE Yi-Min, WU Chun-Li, DONG Yu-Mo, WU Hua-Duo, WANG Qian, JIANG Ning. Neurovascular coupling responses and cognitive function: The impact of aging and the interventional effect of exercise. Acta Physiol Sin 2023; 75 (6): 903-917 (in Chinese with English abstract).