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睡眠障碍后小胶质细胞活化相关信号通路的研究进展

舒治钧, 张全怡, 徐义鹏, 赵征宇^*

成都中医药大学针灸推拿学院，成都 610075

摘要

睡眠是维持人类生命极其重要的生理状态，睡眠障碍不仅会导致焦虑、抑郁情绪的产生，还会通过诱发多系统疾病严重影响脑功能和身体健康。神经炎症反应是睡眠障碍后的关键病理过程，可导致一系列神经系统疾病的发生。近年来，小胶质细胞活化在神经炎症产生机制中所起的作用越来越受到重视，已成为该领域的研究热点。睡眠障碍后中枢微环境的失衡，导致小胶质细胞活化和极化状态改变，从而触发神经炎症反应。小胶质细胞活化受多个信号通路和复杂分子机制的调控，本文总结了睡眠障碍诱发神经炎症中小胶质细胞活化相关的5条信号通路：嘌呤P2X7受体(P2X7 receptor, P2X7R)、p38MAPK、Toll样受体4 (Toll-like receptor 4, TLR4)/NF-κB、JAK/STAT、α7-烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, α7-nAChR)通路，以期为睡眠障碍后续深入研究和临床治疗靶点选择提供参考。

关键词： 睡眠障碍; 神经炎症; 小胶质细胞; P2X7R; p38MAPK; TLR4/NF-κB; JAK/STAT; α7-nAChR

Research progress of signal pathways of microglia activation in sleep disorders

SHU Zhi-Jun, ZHANG Quan-Yi, XU Yi-Peng, ZHAO Zheng-Yu^*

School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China

Abstract

Sleep is an extremely important physiological state to maintain human life. Sleep disorders can not only cause anxiety and depression, but also induce multi-system diseases that seriously affect brain function and physical health. The neuroinflammation is a key pathological process after sleep disorders, which can induce a series of nervous system diseases. In recent years, the role of microglia activation in neuroinflammation has been paid more and more attention and become a research hotspot in this field. The imbalance of the central microenvironment after sleep disorders leads to changes in the activation and polarization of microglia, which triggers neuroinflammatory response. The activation and polarization of microglia in the sleep disorders are regulated by multiple signaling pathways and complex molecular mechanisms. This paper summarizes five signaling pathways of microglia activation in central inflammation induced by sleep disorders, including P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), p38MAPK, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) pathways, in order to provide reference for further research and clinical treatment targets selection of sleep disorders.

Key words: sleep disorders; neuroinflammation; microglia; P2X7R; p38MAPK; TLR4/NF-κB; JAK/STAT; α7-nAChR

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：赵征宇　　E-mail: zhaozhengyu@cdutcm.edu.cn

引用本文：

舒治钧, 张全怡, 徐义鹏, 赵征宇. 睡眠障碍后小胶质细胞活化相关信号通路的研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2023; 75 (4): 569-574.

SHU Zhi-Jun, ZHANG Quan-Yi, XU Yi-Peng, ZHAO Zheng-Yu. Research progress of signal pathways of microglia activation in sleep disorders. Acta Physiol Sin 2023; 75 (4): 569-574 (in Chinese with English abstract).