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神经振荡及其在神经精神疾病机制研究中的应用

吕鑫¹, 杨翔宇², 周子凯^1,*

¹上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心，上海 200030；²上海交通大学心理与行为科学研究院，上海 200240

摘要

神经振荡反映了大脑神经元集群的同步化活动。哺乳动物的海马体、丘脑、皮质等脑区中的神经振荡在空间定位、导航、记忆等复杂认知过程中发挥至关重要的作用。在多种精神疾病中，神经振荡的损伤及其耦合同步性下降是导致认知障碍的关键。本文综述了神经振荡的微观机制和生理功能的研究进展，介绍了尖波涟漪、gamma振荡和睡眠纺锤波在重性抑郁障碍、精神分裂症、阿尔茨海默病等多种神经精神疾病下的异常改变，并对神经振荡作为临床诊疗靶点的应用潜力做出评估和展望。

关键词： 神经振荡; 尖波涟漪; 睡眠纺锤波; gamma振荡; 精神分裂症

Neural oscillation and its application in mechanistic study of neuropsychiatric disorders

LYU Xin¹, YANG Xiang-Yu², ZHOU Zi-Kai^1,*

¹hanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China；²Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Abstract

Neural oscillations reflect synchronized activities of neuronal ensembles in central nervous system. In the hippocampus, thalamus, neocortex and other brain subregions, neural oscillation can be detected and plays a crucial role in many complicated cognitive processes. Decoupling and damaging of neural oscillation play a key role in the induction of severe cognition deficits in many psychiatric disorders. In this review, we summarize research advances in the underlying mechanisms and physiological functions of neural oscillations. We also discuss the abnormal changes of sharp wave-ripple, gamma oscillation and sleep spindle oscillation in major depressive disorder, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease, etc. Finally, the application potential of neural oscillations as clinical diagnosis and treatment targets is evaluated and prospected.

Key words: neural oscillation; sharp wave-ripple; sleep spindle; gamma oscillation; schizophrenia

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：周子凯　　E-mail: zikai.zhou@live.com

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2022.0066

引用本文：

吕鑫, 杨翔宇, 周子凯. 神经振荡及其在神经精神疾病机制研究中的应用[J]. 生理学报 2022; 74 (4): 657-668.

LYU Xin, YANG Xiang-Yu, ZHOU Zi-Kai. Neural oscillation and its application in mechanistic study of neuropsychiatric disorders. Acta Physiol Sin 2022; 74 (4): 657-668 (in Chinese with English abstract).