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稳态与适稳态

高峰^1,*, 俞梦孙²

¹空军军医大学航空航天医学系，西安 710032；²空军军医大学特色医学中心，北京 100142

摘要

稳态是生理学的一个核心概念，揭示了内环境稳定是生命活动及其功能调节的基础；适稳态强调机体同时具有稳定性和灵活性，可适应外环境的持续改变而建立新稳态以维持健康。适稳态概念的提出从更宏观的视角将经典的生理稳态外延至机体适应环境改变、维系健康的新层次，是对经典稳态理论的补充和完善。本文简介了稳态及适稳态的概念及其发展历史，分析了两者间的区别与联系，重点阐述了适稳态负荷与应激、适应及疾病的关系，以及如何应用适稳态机制促进健康、提高机体适应极端环境的能力。

关键词： 稳态; 适稳态; 应激; 适应; 适稳态负荷

分类号：Q4-0

Homeostasis and allostasis

GAO Feng^1,*, YU Meng-Sun²

¹School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China；²Characteristic Medical Center, Air Force Military Medical University, Beijing 100142, China

Abstract

Homeostasis is a core concept of physiology, which reveals that internal environmental stability is the basis of life activities and their functional regulation, and allostasis emphasizes that the body has stability and flexibility at the same time. New homeostasis can be established to maintain healthy. The introduction of allostasis concept extends the classical physiological homeostasis from a more macroscopic perspective to a new level in which the body adapts to environmental changes and maintains healthy, which is a supplement and perfection to the classical homeostasis theory. This paper introduces the concept of homeostasis and allostasis, as well as its development history, analyzes the differences and connections between the two concepts, and focuses on the relationship between allostasis load and stress, adaptation and disease, and how to apply allostasis mechanisms to promote health and improve the ability of the body to adapt to extreme environments.

Key words: homeostasis; allostasis; stress; adaption; allostasis load

收稿日期：2020-03-10　　录用日期：2020-06-02

通讯作者：高峰　　E-mail: fgao@fmmu.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2020.0062

引用本文：

高峰, 俞梦孙. 稳态与适稳态[J]. 生理学报 2020; 72 (5): 677-681.

GAO Feng, YU Meng-Sun. Homeostasis and allostasis. Acta Physiol Sin 2020; 72 (5): 677-681 (in Chinese with English abstract).