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神经细胞初级纤毛在中枢神经系统疾病中作用的研究进展

杨晓宇¹, 曹红^1,2,*

¹复旦大学脑科学研究院，上海 200032；²复旦大学中西医结合研究院针灸研究所，上海 200032

摘要

初级纤毛广泛存在于哺乳动物中枢神经系统中，是神经细胞重要的胞外细胞器。初级纤毛中含有多种离子通道、G蛋白耦联受体、激酶等，提示初级纤毛可感受胞外信号并将信号转导至细胞内，从而引起细胞对外界刺激信号产生应答反应。近年来大量研究表明调控纤毛结构及功能的基因发生突变后，会导致许多单基因的遗传性疾病。当神经细胞初级纤毛中激酶、G蛋白耦联受体以及离子通道的功能异常后，往往会引起一系列的神经精神疾病、神经系统发育异常等神经系统疾病。本文就初级纤毛在神经系统疾病中作用的研究进展进行综述。

关键词： 初级纤毛; G蛋白耦联受体; 3型腺苷酸环化酶; 抑郁

分类号：Q42

Advances on the role of primary cilia in neurological diseases

YANG Xiao-Yu¹, CAO Hong^1,2,*

¹Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China；²Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China

Abstract

Primary cilium, widely distributed in mammalian central nervous system, is an important extracellular organelle of cells.The primary cilia contain a variety of ion channels, G-protein coupled receptors and different kinds of kinases, which indicates thatprimary cilia can detect extracellular signals and transduce them into cells to regulate various cellular and physiological processes. Inhumans, mutations of genes related to structure and function of primary cilia always cause various monogenetic diseases. Moreover, aseries of neuropsychiatric diseases and neurodevelopmental dysplasia are caused by abnormal functions of G-protein coupled receptors,kinases and ion channels in primary cilia. This article reviews recent research progress on the role of primary cilia in related neurological diseases.

Key words: primary cilia; G-protein coupled receptors; type 3 adenylyl cyclase; depression

收稿日期：2019-07-18　　录用日期：2019-12-16

通讯作者：曹红　　E-mail: hongcao@fudan.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2020.0019

引用本文：

杨晓宇, 曹红. 神经细胞初级纤毛在中枢神经系统疾病中作用的研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2020; 72 (4): 488-498.

YANG Xiao-Yu, CAO Hong. Advances on the role of primary cilia in neurological diseases. Acta Physiol Sin 2020; 72 (4): 488-498 (in Chinese with English abstract).