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小鼠性别决定过程中性腺体细胞分化的调控

岑常活¹, 陈敏², 姜璘¹, 侯晓晖¹, 高飞^2,3,*

¹遵义医科大学基础医学院，遵义 563000；²中国科学院动物研究所干细胞与生殖生物学国家重点实验室，北京 100101； 3中国科学院大学，北京 100049；³中国科学院大学，北京 100049

摘要

哺乳动物的性腺由生殖细胞和体细胞共同形成，性别决定前的性腺具有双向分化的潜能，性腺中体细胞的分化决定 其发育为睾丸或卵巢。这一分化过程受到多种因子的精细调控。其中SRY、SOX9、SOX3、SOX8、SOX10、FGF9/ FGFR2、PGD2、AMH和DMRT1等参与睾丸的发育和分化，而FOXL2、CTNNB1、RSPO1、WNT4、Follistatin、ERα/β和 BMP2则在卵巢发育过程中发挥关键作用。如果这些分子调控网络受到内源性或外源性因子的破坏，则会引起两性发育紊 乱，甚至导致雄性向雌性或雌性向雄性的性别逆转。本文以小鼠模型为例，阐述了在性别决定过程中体细胞命运决定以及 谱系分化的分子调控网络。

关键词： 性别分化; 性别决定; 生殖细胞; 体细胞

分类号：Q492

The regulation of gonadal somatic cell differentiation during sex determination in mice

CEN Chang-Huo¹, CHEN Min², JIANG Lin¹, HOU Xiao-Hui¹, GAO Fei^2,3,*

¹Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China；²State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China；³3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Abstract

In mammals, the gonad is composed of germ cells and somatic cells. The gonads have the potential of bidirectional differentiation before sex determination. The differentiation of somatic cells in the gonad determines the development of testis or ovary, and this process is regulated by many factors. SRY, SOX9, SOX3, SOX8, SOX10, FGF9/FGFR2, PGD2, AMH, and DMRT1 are involved in the differentiation of testis. By contrast, FOXL2, CTNNB1, RSPO1, WNT4, Follistatin, ERα/β, and BMP2 play important roles in ovary development. If these molecular regulatory networks are damaged by endogenous or exogenous factors, disorders of sex differentiation, even sex reversal, will occur. In this review, the regulation of somatic cell fate during gonad primordium formation and sex determination in mouse model was discussed.

Key words: sex differentiation; sex determination; germ cells; somatic cells

收稿日期：2019-07-14　　录用日期：2019-09-25

通讯作者：高飞　　E-mail: gaof@ioz.ac.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2019.0083

引用本文：

岑常活, 陈敏, 姜璘, 侯晓晖, 高飞. 小鼠性别决定过程中性腺体细胞分化的调控[J]. 生理学报 2020; 72 (1): 20-30.

CEN Chang-Huo, CHEN Min, JIANG Lin, HOU Xiao-Hui, GAO Fei. The regulation of gonadal somatic cell differentiation during sex determination in mice. Acta Physiol Sin 2020; 72 (1): 20-30 (in Chinese with English abstract).