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认知控制的一般性/特异性机制：研究逻辑和争论

杨国春^1,2, 李政汉^1,2, 伍海燕^1,2, 刘勋^1,2,*

¹中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室，北京 100101；²中国科学院大学心理学系，北京 100101

摘要

认知控制是人类主动调控行为的高级认知功能，在冲突加工、工作记忆、决策等心理过程中都具有重要作用。然而，不同冲突的加工过程中是否具有相同的认知控制机制仍有很多争论。已有的认知控制理论往往认为认知控制是一般性的，但这种观点受到了近年来实证研究的挑战。研究一般性/特异性问题采用的逻辑主要包括可迁移性、平行比较、相关性以及认知资源竞争等。目前的一些研究证据分别支持了一般性、特异性以及二者兼有的观点。针对这种争论，未来的研究可以从以下视角展开，比如毕生发展变化、动态的脑网络、综合不同的研究逻辑、脑损伤的因果关系、计算神经建模、认知灵活性和功能连接等。

关键词： 认知控制; 模块化; 特异性; 一般性

分类号：B842; R338

Generality and specificity of cognitive control: research logics and debates

YANG Guo-Chun^1,2, LI Zheng-Han^1,2, WU Hai-Yan^1,2, LIU Xun^1,2,*

¹CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China；²Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Abstract

As a high-level cognitive function of actively regulating human behaviors, cognitive control plays essential roles in conflict processing, working memory, decision making and so on. However, it is still under debate whether a universal cognitive control mechanism underlies the processing of various conflicts. Many existing theories tend to hold that cognitive control is domain-general; however, this view has been challenged by recent empirical studies. The logics of studying generality/specificity mainly include transferability, parallel comparison, correlation and resources competition, etc. Current empirical findings support that cognitive control is domain-general, domain-specific or both, respectively. To tackle this controversy, future studies about cognitive control can be performed from the perspectives of life-span development, the dynamic brain network, combination of multiple logics, causal relationship from brain injury, computational modeling, cognitive flexibility and functional connectivity.

Key words: cognitive control; modularity; specificity; generality

收稿日期：2018-04-19　　录用日期：2018-07-02

通讯作者：刘勋　　E-mail: liux@psych.ac.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2018.0096

引用本文：

杨国春, 李政汉, 伍海燕, 刘勋. 认知控制的一般性/特异性机制：研究逻辑和争论[J]. 生理学报 2019; 71 (1): 140-148.

YANG Guo-Chun, LI Zheng-Han, WU Hai-Yan, LIU Xun. Generality and specificity of cognitive control: research logics and debates. Acta Physiol Sin 2019; 71 (1): 140-148 (in Chinese with English abstract).