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人类视觉引导动作的行为学和脑成像研究

唐日新¹, 宋爱霞¹, 陈娟^2,*

¹南京大学社会学院心理学系，南京 210023；²华南师范大学心理学院，心理应用研究中心，广东省心理健康与认知科学重点实验室，广州 510631

摘要

直立行走和工具使用被认为是人类出现的重要标志。直立行走使人类的双手得以解放，因此人类可以使用双手去获取食物，使用工具，大大提升了人类的生存几率。手部动作的完成不仅需要肌肉、骨骼等末端生物器官的参与，更需要大脑对环境中的物体的大小、形状等信息进行分析，选择要完成的动作类型，并对动作进行提前编码和实时调控。本文将从认知神经科学的角度综述视觉引导的手部动作的研究内容、研究方法、已有理论、存在的争议、一些新的证据以及动作研究在机器人和人工智能领域的应用。

关键词： 视觉; 动作; 抓取; 双通路理论; 腹侧视知觉通路; 背侧动作通路

分类号：B842.1

A review on behavior and brain imaging research of human visually-guided action

TANG Ri-Xin¹, SONG Ai-Xia¹, CHEN Juan^2,*

¹School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China；²School of Psychology, Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China

Abstract

Bipedalism (using only two legs for walking) and having the capability to use tools have long been considered characteristic features that differentiate human beings from animals. Being able to walk upright freed up human hands, allowing us to reach, grasp, carry food, make and use tools, which greatly increased the survivability of our ancestors. Hand actions not only involve muscles and joints to execute actions but also require computations in the brain to analyze the visual environment and select the appropriate action, as well as formulate the action before execution and correct it in real-time during execution. Here, we review the behavioral and brain imaging research of human hand actions from a perspective of cognitive neuroscience. The review includes the research contents and methods of visually-guided action, existing theories, current debates, new evidence of existing theories, and the applications of action research in robotics and artificial intelligence.

Key words: vision; action; grasping; two-visual-stream theory; ventral pathway; dorsal pathway

收稿日期：2018-05-16　　录用日期：2018-08-06

通讯作者：陈娟　　E-mail: juanchen@m.scnu.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2019.0001

引用本文：

唐日新, 宋爱霞, 陈娟. 人类视觉引导动作的行为学和脑成像研究[J]. 生理学报 2019; 71 (1): 22-32.

TANG Ri-Xin, SONG Ai-Xia, CHEN Juan. A review on behavior and brain imaging research of human visually-guided action. Acta Physiol Sin 2019; 71 (1): 22-32 (in Chinese with English abstract).