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胶质淋巴系统：概念、功能和研究进展

王琳辉^1,2, 王紫兰¹, 陈文悦¹, 陈铭佳¹, 徐广银^2,*

¹苏州大学医学部生理学与神经生物学系，苏州 215123；²苏州大学神经科学研究所，苏州 215123

摘要

胶质淋巴系统是一个由星形胶质细胞终足上的水孔蛋白-4介导的脑脊液-脑组织液快速交换流动系统，其在功能上发挥着清除脑组织液中代谢产物(如乳酸)和异常蛋白(如β-淀粉样蛋白)的作用，又被称作脑内的类淋巴系统。一系列研究显示该系统功能在睡眠及麻醉时大大增强，而在衰老、脑外伤、阿尔茨海默症、中风和糖尿病时则显著降低。胶质淋巴系统是近年来神经科学领域的一个突破性发现，该发现加深了我们对脑脊液循环流动及其在脑内稳态维持中所起作用的理解。本文简要回顾了胶质淋巴系统概念的形成，综述了该领域近年来的研究进展，并对其未来的研究方向和临床应用进行了展望。

关键词： 胶质淋巴系统; 水孔蛋白-4; 脑脊液; 血管周隙; 星形胶质细胞

分类号：Q421；Q426；R338.2

The glymphatic system: concept, function and research progresses

WANG Lin-Hui^1,2, WANG Zi-Lan¹, CHEN Wen-Yue¹, CHEN Ming-Jia¹, XU GUANG-YIN^2,*

¹Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China；²Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China

Abstract

The glymphatic system is a cerebrospinal fluid-interstitial fluid exchange system dependent on the water channel aquaporin-4 polarized on astrocyte endfeet, which is proposed to account for the clearance of abnormal proteins (e.g. β-amyloid) and metabolites (e.g. lactate) from the brain. Accumulating studies have revealed that glymphatic activity during sleep and general anesthesia is dramatically enhanced, while its function is significantly damaged during aging, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, and diabetes. The glymphatic hypothesis is a breakthrough in the field of neuroscience recently, which would considerably enhance our comprehension on the cerebrospinal fluid circulation and its role in the maintenance of brain homeostasis. In this review, we briefly introduced the conceptualization of glymphatic system, summarized the recent progresses, and prospected its future investigation and potential clinical application.

Key words: glymphatic system;;;;

收稿日期：2017-09-20　　录用日期：2018-01-11

通讯作者：徐广银　　E-mail: guangyinxu@suda.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2018.0006

引用本文：

王琳辉, 王紫兰, 陈文悦, 陈铭佳, 徐广银. 胶质淋巴系统：概念、功能和研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2018; 70 (1): 52-60.

WANG Lin-Hui, WANG Zi-Lan, CHEN Wen-Yue, CHEN Ming-Jia, XU GUANG-YIN. The glymphatic system: concept, function and research progresses. Acta Physiol Sin 2018; 70 (1): 52-60 (in Chinese with English abstract).