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血管内皮生长因子促损伤脑内神经血管单元的重构

潘之光, 毛颖, 孙凤艳

复旦大学基础医学院医学神经生物学国家重点实验室和神经生物学系，上海 200032；复旦大学上海医学院华山医院神经外科，上海 200041；复旦大学老年医学研究中心，上海市老年医学临床重点实验室，上海 200040

摘要

血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)最初被认为是调节血管内皮细胞通透性及血管增生的生物活性物质。后来发现，VEGF在脑内的神经细胞也有表达，并参与神经细胞的发育、轴突的生长和神经元细胞膜上离子通道功能的调节。VEGF对损伤脑具有抗凋亡等神经保护作用。此外，VEGF还具有促进损伤脑内神经元新生的作用和增强活化胶质细胞转分化为新生神经元的能力。现有的文献提示，VEGF在正常脑内能调节神经可塑性，在损伤的脑内能促进神经血管单元的重构和脑修复。本文重点阐述成年脑内VEGF对神经细胞的生物学效应及其对损伤脑的修复作用。深入研究VEGF的神经调节作用及其机制，有助于理解脑功能调节机制，研发脑保护和脑修复的新技术。

关键词： 神经血管单元; 脑修复 ; 神经元新生 ; 血管内皮生长因子 ; 胶质细胞转分化 ; 血管增殖 ; 神经可塑性

分类号：Q42;R338

VEGF enhances reconstruction of neurovascular units in the brain after injury

PAN Zhi-Guang, MAO Ying, SUN Feng-Yan

Department of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China； Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, China； Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China

Abstract

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was originally recognized as a substance predominantly with vascular permeability and angiogenesis. Recently, more and more evidence indicated that VEGF is expressed in the neurons of the developing and adult brains. Functional investigation demonstrated that VEGF shows several important effects on the neuronal development and physiological function. For example, VEGF accelerates the development of neurons and neural dendritic and axon growth. Besides, VEGF directly and acutely regulates the functions of multiple ion channels of the neuron membrane and changes neural excitability. In traumatic or ischemic injured brains, VEGF produces neuroprotection, enhances capacity of adult neurogenesis and transformation of astroglial cells into new neurons, which are fundamental basis for re-establishment of neural network. Based on the knowledge obtained from the literatures, we propose that VEGF may play very important roles in neural plasticity in the normal brain, and the reconstruction of neurovascular units and neural repair in the traumatic injured brain. This review mainly focuses on neural activity and repair roles of VEGF in adult mammalian brains. Further study on the mechanism of VEGF’s neurobiological effects in the brain will be helpful for understanding the regulation of brain functions and developing new therapeutic strategy for prevention of neurodegeneration of the brain.

Key words: neurovascular unit; brain repair ; neurogenesis ; vascular endothelial growth factor ; transdifferentiation of glia ; angiogenesis ; neural plasticity

收稿日期：2016-07-17　　录用日期：2016-12-01

通讯作者：孙凤艳　　E-mail: fysun@shmu.edu.cn

引用本文：

潘之光, 毛颖, 孙凤艳. 血管内皮生长因子促损伤脑内神经血管单元的重构[J]. 生理学报 2017; 69 (1): 96-108.

PAN Zhi-Guang, MAO Ying, SUN Feng-Yan. VEGF enhances reconstruction of neurovascular units in the brain after injury. Acta Physiol Sin 2017; 69 (1): 96-108 (in Chinese with English abstract).