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视觉假体的研究进展

闫妍, 柴新禹, 陈垚, 周传清, 任秋实, 李丽明

上海交通大学生物医学工程学院，上海 200240；北京大学工学院生物医学工程系，北京 100871

摘要

视觉是人类认识世界的最重要途径之一。失明不但给患者带来巨大的痛苦和严重的生活障碍，还给家庭和社会带来沉重的负担。视觉假体是通过植入体内的微电极阵列直接刺激视觉通路上完好的部分，帮助盲人恢复部分视觉感知的电子设备。近年来视觉假体发展迅速，取得了从概念到临床应用的卓越成果。本文介绍了视觉假体的发展历程，根据刺激电极在视觉通路上的植入部位对视觉假体进行了分类说明，并对视觉假体近年来临床试验的结果及目前能实现的功能进行了总结。

关键词： 人工视觉; 视网膜假体; 视皮层假体; 视神经假体

分类号：R318

[Research progress of visual prosthesis.] [Article in Chinese]

YAN Yan, CHAI Xin-Yu, CHEN Yao, ZHOU Chuan-Qing, REN Qiu-Shi, LI Li-Ming

School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China； Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Abstract

Vision is one of the most important human sensations about the surrounding world. Visual deprivation not only markedly affects the life of blind people, but also gives a heavy burden to their family and the society. A visual prosthesis is an electronic device that helps the blinds to regain visual perception by directly stimulating the visual pathway using the microelectrodes implanted into the body. In recent years, visual prostheses have been developed rapidly and some devices have already become clinically available. In this paper, we reviewed the history of visual prosthesis, introduced different visual prostheses classified according to the location of the implanted stimulating electrodes. Clinical study results as well as the functional status of the currently available visual prosthesis devices were also summarized.

Key words: artificial vision; retinal prosthesis; visual cortical prosthesis; optic nerve prosthesis

收稿日期：2016-02-25　　录用日期：2016-04-29

通讯作者：李丽明　　E-mail: lilm@sjtu.edu.cn

引用本文：

闫妍, 柴新禹, 陈垚, 周传清, 任秋实, 李丽明. 视觉假体的研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2016; 68 (5): 628-636.

YAN Yan, CHAI Xin-Yu, CHEN Yao, ZHOU Chuan-Qing, REN Qiu-Shi, LI Li-Ming. [Research progress of visual prosthesis.] [Article in Chinese]. Acta Physiol Sin 2016; 68 (5): 628-636 (in Chinese with English abstract).