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钠钙交换体的生理和病理生理功能研究进展

宿俊杰, 齐戈尧, 党晓智, 杨念, 张骏

解放军第三军医大学学员旅四营；生理学教研室，重庆 400038

摘要

钠钙交换体(sodium calcium exchanger, NCX)是一种广泛分布于膜性结构(细胞质膜、线粒体膜、内质网、分泌小泡膜等)上的阳离子转运蛋白，具有两种转运Ca2+和Na+的模式：介导Na+内流、Ca2+外排的前向模式(forward mode)和作用相反的反向模式(reverse mode)。通过这种双向模式，NCX可以对胞质内Ca2+浓度进行快速精确的调节，继而影响细胞内信号转导、细胞生长发育、可兴奋细胞的兴奋及兴奋耦联的相关功能等一系列生理活动，如心肌和骨骼肌细胞的收缩、神经递质的释放、神经胶质细胞的迁移分化、免疫细胞的活化以及细胞因子与激素的分泌等。此外，在病理情况下，NCX反向模式的异常激活，被认为是NCX参与心血管系统、中枢神经系统、内分泌系统等多个系统病理生理过程的关键。在此，本文对NCX分子及其参与的生理、病理生理过程的研究进展作一综述，以提供关于NCX较为全面的认识。

关键词： 钠钙交换体; 胞内钙浓度; 前向模式; 反向模式

分类号：R338

[Progress in the physiological and pathophysiological functions of sodium calcium exchangers.] [Article in Chinese]

SU Jun-Jie, QI Ge-Yao, DANG Xiao-Zhi, YANG Nian, ZHANG Jun

Battalion Four of Student Brigade and Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China

Abstract

Sodium calcium exchanger (NCX), which is widely expressed in the plasma membrane, mitochondrial membrane and secretory vesicles in diverse kinds of cells, belongs to a type of cation translocators. NCX works in two modes, the forward mode and reverse mode, to regulate the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration bi-directionally. In the forward mode, NCX carries Ca²⁺ out of the cell against its electrochemical gradients coupled to the influx of Na+ down its electrochemical gradients; alternatively, Ca²⁺ enters through the reverse mode of NCX, and Na+ is carried out of the cell. Exactly through the two-way modes, NCX can regulate intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration fleetly and accurately, and plays a critical role in a series of physiological processes including intracellular signal transduction, growth and development of cells, excitation and its coupled functions of excitable cells. NCX are acknowledged to be involved in myofiber contraction, neurotransmission, migration and differentiation of neurogliocyte, activation of immune cells, secretion of cytokines and hormones etc. Moreover, abnormal activation of the reverse mode of NCX plays a vital role in many pathological processes including cell apoptosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, insulin secretion, tumor etc. Here we reviewed the research status about the NCX's participation in some physiological and pathophysiological processes, so as to provide comprehensive understanding about its functions.

Key words: sodium-calcium exchanger; intracellular Ca2+ concentration; forward mode; reverse mode

收稿日期：2013-08-20　　录用日期：2013-11-19

通讯作者：张骏　　E-mail: zhangjun.cc@gmail.com

引用本文：

宿俊杰, 齐戈尧, 党晓智, 杨念, 张骏. 钠钙交换体的生理和病理生理功能研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2014; 66 (2): 241-251.

SU Jun-Jie, QI Ge-Yao, DANG Xiao-Zhi, YANG Nian, ZHANG Jun. [Progress in the physiological and pathophysiological functions of sodium calcium exchangers.] [Article in Chinese]. Acta Physiol Sin 2014; 66 (2): 241-251 (in Chinese with English abstract).