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P2X7受体在炎症性疾病中的作用及其机制

徐宏, 梁尚栋^*

南昌大学基础医学院生理学教研室，南昌 330006

摘要

P2X7受体是以三磷酸腺苷(ATP)为配体的非选择性阳离子门控通道。P2X7受体在体内分布极为广泛，在多种炎性病理状态下表达上调。与P2X受体家族其它成员(P2X1~6)不同，长时间或高浓度激动剂激活后P2X7受体具有形成膜孔的特性，可诱导炎症介质的释放，这种特性与多种炎症性疾病密切相关。近年来，随着基因敲除P2X7受体的动物模型和特异性P2X7受体拮抗剂在炎症性疾病研究的广泛运用，P2X7受体可望成为炎症性疾病治疗的新靶点。本文对P2X7受体在炎症性疾病中的作用及其机制的研究进展作一综述。

关键词： 嘌呤2X7受体; 三磷酸腺苷; 炎症性疾病; 白细胞介素-1β; 白细胞介素-18

分类号：R338

[Effect of P2X7 receptor on inflammatory diseases and its mechanism.] [Article in Chinese]

XU Hong, LIANG Shang-Dong^*

Department of Physiology，School of Basic Medical Sciences of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China

Abstract

P2X7 receptor is a member of ATP-gated non-selective cation channels. P2X7 receptor is widely distributed in vivo, and its expression is always observed to be up-regulated in the pathological inflammatory circumstances. P2X7 receptor has an unusual property of forming membrane pore during prolonged agonist exposure or high concentrations of agonist activation, different from other members of P2X receptors (P2X1-6). Because of this property, P2X7 receptor has been implicated in inflammatory cytokine release, and is closely related to inflammatory diseases. With the wide application of the P2X7-knockout animal model and specific P2X7 receptor antagonists in inflammatory disease research, P2X7 receptor is emerging as a new target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. This article will review the recent progress regarding the effect of P2X7 receptor on inflammatory diseases and its mechanism.

Key words: P2X7 receptor; ATP; inflammatory disease; IL-1β; IL-18

收稿日期：2012-11-07　　录用日期：2013-01-28

通讯作者：梁尚栋　　E-mail: liangsd88@163.com

引用本文：

徐宏, 梁尚栋. P2X7受体在炎症性疾病中的作用及其机制[J]. 生理学报 2013; 65 (2): 244-252.

XU Hong, LIANG Shang-Dong. [Effect of P2X7 receptor on inflammatory diseases and its mechanism.] [Article in Chinese]. Acta Physiol Sin 2013; 65 (2): 244-252 (in Chinese with English abstract).