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低氧对兔主动脉和肺动脉损伤差异的探讨

陈灵红, 周兆年

中国科学院上海生理研究所. 上海 200031

摘要

将兔置于模拟海拔5km(PO_(2)=10.8kPa)低氧舱内24h，观察和比较低氧对主动脉和肺动脉形态学损伤的差异，结果显示5km低氧24h，兔主动脉和肺动脉出现内膜下水肿，空泡增加，胞内线粒体和内质网不同程度损伤。但低氧对肺动脉的损伤明显重于主动脉，甚至已殃及平滑肌细胞。扫描电镜观察也显示模拟海拔5km低氧24h，肺动脉内皮细胞出现损伤脱落，甚至出现断裂带，而在主动脉仅见内皮细胞轻微损伤。另又将离体兔主动脉和肺动脉环通以95％N_(2)-5％CO_(2)混合气(PO_(2)=4kPa)，比较低氧时离体主动脉环和肺动脉环等张张力的差异，显示低氧可使兔肺动脉血管环收缩，而同样条件的低氧则引起兔主动脉血管环的舒张。以上结果提示，肺动脉和主动脉对低氧引起损伤的敏感性有显著差异，这一特点可能为低氧肺动脉高压的成因提供了又一实验证据。

关键词： 兔; 主动脉; 肺动脉; 低氧; 形态学; 等张张力

Differences between effects of hypoxia on rabbit aorta and pulmonary artery

Chen Linghong, Zhou Zhaonian

Shanghai Institute of Physiology, Chinese Academy of Science. Shanghai 200031, China

Abstract

The difference of morphological injury between rabbit aorta and pulmonny artery was compared after the animal was exposed to the altitude 5 km (PO_(2)=10.8 kPa) for 24 h. Hypoxia caused subendothelial edema, increased vacuoles and injured mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulums in both kinds of endothelial cells. The impairment of pulmonary artery was obviously more severe than aorta and its smooth muscle cells were also affected. Forthermore, the exposure increased mitochondria in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Bubbled with a mixture air of 95% N_(2)-5% CO_(2) (Po_(2)=4 kPa) led to an increase of pulmonary in tension, while hypoxia to the same extent induced aorta relaxation. These results indicate that hypoxia produces the differential effects on these two kinds of vessels, providing a possible explanation for the preduction of hypxic pulmonary hypertension.

Key words: Rabbit;aorta;Pulmonary artery;Hypoxia;Morphology;Tension

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引用本文：

陈灵红, 周兆年. 低氧对兔主动脉和肺动脉损伤差异的探讨 [J]. 生理学报 1997; 49 (5): .

Chen Linghong, Zhou Zhaonian. Differences between effects of hypoxia on rabbit aorta and pulmonary artery. Acta Physiol Sin 1997; 49 (5): (in Chinese with English abstract).