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苹果花芽孕育机理的探讨

李天红, 黄卫东, 孟昭清

北京农业大学植物科学技术学院.北京 100094

摘要

花芽孕育期,以环剥、多效唑+环剥和GA_(3)处理“红富士”苹果树,成花效应以多效唑+环剥处理为最高(+684%)。花芽孕育起动时,促花处理的短枝顶芽内IAA、ZR含量和IAA/GA_(s)、ZR/GA_(s)的比值均明显提高。在花芽孕育完成过程中,促花处理的短枝叶内淀粉含量、C/N比,芽内ZR、IAA含量和ZR/GA_(s)明显提高,GA_(s)则明显下降。

关键词： 苹果; 花芽孕育机理; 内源激素; 糖和氮含量

Study on the mechanisms of flower bud induction in apple tree

Li Tianhong, Huang Weidong, Meng Zhaoqing

College of Plant Science and Technology,Beijing Agricultural University.Beijing 100094

Abstract

Five-year-old ‘Red Fuji’apple tree (Malus domestica Mill.) were used as materials to test for the effect of treatments of paclobutrazol (Pacl.), girdling, girdling+Pacl. and GA_(3) on the contents of nitrogen and carbohydrates in spur leaves and of endogenous hormones in buds. The results showed that the effects of the treatments to increase flower bud formation were in the order of girdling+Pacl. (+648%)>girdling (+534%)>Pacl. (+154%). At the beginning of flower bud induction, the contents of IAA and ZR (Fig.4), and ratio of IAA/GA_(s) or ZR/GA_(s) (Fig.5) were significantly increased in spur buds, while the ratio of IAA/GA_(s) with various flower-promoting or-inhibiting treatments were much higher and was correlated with the percentage of flower bud formation. ZR/GA_(s) ratio, however, was negatively correlated with the percentages of flower formation of which girding treatment, giving high percentage of the flower formation resulted in a lower ZR/GA_(s) ratio than treatment with Pacl., which gave a low percentage of flower bud formation. At the completing phase of flower bud induction, starch content and C/N ratio (Fig.3) and the contents of ZR and IAA, and ZR/GA_(s) ratios in spur bud were remarkably increased, while GA_(s) content in spur bud was decreased by girdling+Pacl., girdling and Pacl. treatments. The above parameters for all the flower-promoting or-inhibiting treatments were changed in the opposite direction to the percentage of flower formation, except the C/N ratio.

Key words: Apple;Mechanisms of flower bud induction;Endogenous hormone;Nitrogen and carbohydrates contents

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引用本文：

李天红, 黄卫东, 孟昭清. 苹果花芽孕育机理的探讨[J]. 生理学报 1996; 48 (3): .

Li Tianhong, Huang Weidong, Meng Zhaoqing. Study on the mechanisms of flower bud induction in apple tree. Acta Physiol Sin 1996; 48 (3): (in Chinese with English abstract).