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Methods used for gene manipulation in mammal female germ cells and early embryos

ZHANG Mei-Ling¹, HAO Xin¹, ZHOU Cheng-Jie¹, WANG Lu¹, SONG Chun-Ru¹, HAN Zhe¹, ZHANG Xiao-Jie¹, ZHANG Rui-Feng¹, LIANG Cheng-Guang^1,*

¹State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China

Abstract

For sexual reproduction, oocytes are mammalian female germ cells that provide the majority of maternal genetic material for early stage embryo production and development. Early stage embryos begin the process of multicellular organism formation through cell differentiation. Studies on mammalian female germ cells (oocytes) not only reveal its unique physiological characteristics, but also help understand the mechanism involved in cell differentiation of other cell types. However, because it is difficult to culture in vitro, our understanding of the function of oocytes and early stage embryos remains very limited. Gene editing or manipulation is one of the most commonly used method, which is also useful in the field of gametes study. In this review, we summarized the principles, advantages and disadvantages of techniques, which include conditional knockout, RNA interference, Morpholino, Trim-Away and antibody-mediated inhibition of protein function, currently used for gene manipulation in oocytes and early stage embryos. We also discuss the issues the investigators need to consider. Finally, we highlight the future directions for gene manipulation or editing in female germ cells and early stage embryos.

Key words: mammal; oocytes; early stage embryos; knockout; knockdown

Received: 2019-06-30　　Accepted: 2019-09-12

Corresponding author: 梁成光　　E-mail: liangcg@imu.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2019.0081

Citing This Article：

ZHANG Mei-Ling, HAO Xin, ZHOU Cheng-Jie, WANG Lu, SONG Chun-Ru, HAN Zhe, ZHANG Xiao-Jie, ZHANG Rui-Feng, LIANG Cheng-Guang. Methods used for gene manipulation in mammal female germ cells and early embryos. Acta Physiol Sin 2020; 72 (1): 31-47 (in Chinese with English abstract).