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空间磁环境与生物节律

高冰鑫, 王操, 江蕊娴, 田维明^*

哈尔滨工业大学生命科学与技术学院，哈尔滨 150008

摘要

近年来，我国载人航天工程发展迅速，载人登月等深空探测任务逐步推进，航天员在外太空驻留的时间显著延长。在此背景下，空间磁场环境对航天员健康的影响愈发凸显。空间磁场环境复杂，可通过干扰线粒体功能如电子传递链活性、ATP合成效率及活性氧平衡间接调控生物节律系统，引发昼夜节律紊乱、睡眠障碍、代谢失调等问题，严重影响航天员身心健康与任务效能。目前，研究者们对空间磁场环境对昼夜节律的影响开展了很多研究。然而，由于研究采用的磁场参数、暴露时长，以及使用的模式生物存在差异，导致研究结果不尽相同。本综述系统阐述了空间磁场环境地面模拟技术及其应用，总结了不同强度、不同类型的磁场对模式生物以及人体核心昼夜节律的影响规律，探讨了磁场干扰昼夜节律的潜在生理与分子机制。本文旨在深化对空间磁环境与生物节律影响机制的理解，并为航天员制定基于生物节律调控的适应性防护策略提供科学依据，以保障长期深空任务的成功实施。

关键词： 空间磁环境; 昼夜节律; 线粒体; 磁感受作用

Space magnetic environment and circadian rhythm

GAO Bing-Xin, WANG Cao, JIANG Rui-Xian, TIAN Wei-Ming^*

School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150008, China

Abstract

In recent years, China's manned space program has advanced rapidly, with deep space exploration missions such as manned lunar landing steadily progressing, leading to a significant extension of astronauts' duration in outer space. In this context, the impact of the space magnetic field environment on astronaut health has become increasingly conspicuous. Characterized by its complexity, the spatial magnetic field indirectly regulates the circadian rhythm system by interfering with mitochondrial functions, such as electron transport chain activity, ATP synthesis efficiency, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance. This disruption can lead to circadian misalignment, sleep disorders, metabolic dysregulation, and other issues, severely compromising astronauts' physical and mental well-being, as well as mission performance. Currently, researchers have carried out extensive investigations into the influence of the space magnetic environment on circadian rhythms. Nevertheless, due to disparities in magnetic field parameters, exposure durations, and the model organisms employed in experiments, the results have been inconsistent. This review systematically elaborates on ground-based simulation technologies for spatial magnetic field environments and their applications, summarizes the effects of magnetic fields with varying intensities and types on core circadian rhythm biomarkers in model organisms and humans, and explores the underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms of magnetic field-induced circadian rhythm perturbation. This work aims to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of the space magnetic environment on biological rhythms, and establish a scientific basis for formulating adaptive protective strategies centered on circadian regulation for astronauts, thereby ensuring the successful implementation of long-term deep-space missions.

Key words: space magnetic environment; circadian rhythm; mitochondria; magnetoreception

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：田维明　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2025.0072

引用本文：

高冰鑫, 王操, 江蕊娴, 田维明. 空间磁环境与生物节律[J]. 生理学报 2025; 77 (4): 721-730.

GAO Bing-Xin, WANG Cao, JIANG Rui-Xian, TIAN Wei-Ming. Space magnetic environment and circadian rhythm. Acta Physiol Sin 2025; 77 (4): 721-730 (in Chinese with English abstract).