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鸢尾素对阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能障碍的调控机制以及鸢尾素在相关疾病中的干预作用研究进展

蓝天, 郭宗承, 顾浩冉, 秦璐, 何恩鹏^*

新疆师范大学体育学院，乌鲁木齐 830000

摘要

鸢尾素(Irisin)是在运动中产生的一种肽物质，参与机体能量的调控作用。Irisin可以穿过血脑屏障，参与中枢神经系统的多种病理生理过程。越来越多的研究开始将Irisin作为神经退行性疾病的重要治疗靶点，并认为Irisin与认知功能障碍的发生有着密切的关系。为此，本文对不同类型运动对Irisin产生的作用、Irisin干预代谢性疾病、肾脏损伤、抑郁症等相关疾病的机制进行了简要回顾后，重点聚焦于Irisin对阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能障碍的调控机制，主要对神经炎症、线粒体功能紊乱和蛋白质错误折叠三个机制方面的最新进展进行综述。最后，我们提出假设：(1) Irisin的产生与身体应激状态或存在一定的关系；(2) Irisin可通过修复受损线粒体来改善阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能；(2) Irisin是一种维持能量稳态的因子，与机体内环境的动态稳定有密切关系。

关键词： 鸢尾素; 运动; 认知障碍; 能量稳态; 阿尔茨海默病; 神经退行性变

Research progress on the regulatory mechanisms of Irisin on cognitive dysfunction in patients with Alzheimer's disease and the interventional role of Irisin in associated diseases

LAN Tian, GUO Zong-Cheng, GU Hao-Ran, QIN Lu, HE En-Peng^*

School of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830000, China

Abstract

Irisin, a peptide produced during exercise, is believed to play a role in regulating energy levels within the body. Moreover, Irisin has the ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier and engage in various pathophysiological processes within the central nervous system. An increasing body of research identifies Irisin as a significant therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases, indicating a strong link between Irisin and the development of cognitive impairments. In this paper, we present a concise review of effects of different types of exercise on Irisin production, and the mechanisms underlying the Irisin’s intervention in various diseases including metabolic diseases, kidney injury and depression. Following this, we delve into an in-depth exploration of its role in modulating cognitive dysfunction among patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), focusing on recent advancements in three critical areas: neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein misfolding. Finally, we put forth 3 hypotheses: (1) exercise-induced fibronectin type III domain containing protein 5 (FNDC5) stimulation and subsequent Irisin cleavage may be associated with the stress response in energy metabolism; (2) Irisin, as a myokine, likely plays a role in mitochondrial repair mechanisms to ameliorate cognitive impairment in AD patients; (3) Irisin is a homeostatic factor that maintains energy homeostasis and is closely related to the dynamic stability of the body’s internal environment.

Key words: irisin; exercise; cognitive dysfunction; energy homeostasis; Alzheimer’s disease; neurodegeneration

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：何恩鹏　　E-mail: heenpeng@sina.com

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2024.0020

引用本文：

蓝天, 郭宗承, 顾浩冉, 秦璐, 何恩鹏. 鸢尾素对阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能障碍的调控机制以及鸢尾素在相关疾病中的干预作用研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2024; 76 (2): 266-288.

LAN Tian, GUO Zong-Cheng, GU Hao-Ran, QIN Lu, HE En-Peng. Research progress on the regulatory mechanisms of Irisin on cognitive dysfunction in patients with Alzheimer's disease and the interventional role of Irisin in associated diseases. Acta Physiol Sin 2024; 76 (2): 266-288