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运动促进心血管健康衰老

李敏¹, 冯梦雅^1,2, 冯梓航¹, 李嘉¹, 张星^1,*, 高峰¹

¹空军军医大学航空航天医学系，西安 710032；²西安交通大学生命科学与技术学院，生物医学信息工程教育部重点实验室，线粒体生物医学研究所，西安 710049

摘要

心血管疾病是威胁老年人健康的重要因素，衰老导致心血管系统结构改变，功能下降，增加老年人心血管疾病发生风险。心脏衰老表现为左心室室壁增厚，心肌纤维化程度增加，硬度增加，心功能下降；血管衰老以管腔增大，管壁增厚，内皮功能障碍为特征。降低随年龄增长而增加的心血管疾病发病率和死亡率，减轻年龄相关的心血管功能障碍，即促进心血管健康衰老，是我们当前面临的重要挑战。运动是心血管疾病治疗和康复的重要手段，其通过降低衰老相关心血管疾病危险因素，使心血管结构重塑和心脏抗损性增加，促进心血管健康衰老。运动改善线粒体功能在运动促进健康衰老中发挥关键作用。此外，运动促进多种组织器官分泌运动因子，发挥减轻炎症反应、改善代谢、抑制凋亡等作用，裨益心血管健康。本综述讨论了运动促进心血管健康衰老的机制及潜在应用价值。探究运动促进心血管健康的具体机制，为不同人群制定精准的运动处方，是促进心血管健康衰老、防治心血管疾病的重要方向。

关键词： 运动; 心血管衰老; 线粒体; 运动因子

Exercise promotes healthy cardiovascular aging

LI Min¹, FENG Meng-Ya^1,2, FENG Zi-Hang¹, LI Jia¹, ZHANG Xing^1,*, GAO Feng¹

¹Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China；²School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Mitochondrial Biomedical Research Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important factor threatening the health of the elderly. Aging leads to changes in the structure and function of the cardiovascular system, which increases the risk of CVD in the elderly. Cardiac aging is characterized by increased left ventricular wall thickness, increased degree of myocardial fibrosis, increased cardiac hardness, and decreased cardiac function, while vascular aging is characterized by enlarged lumen, thickened wall, and endothelial dysfunction. Promoting healthy cardiovascular aging means reducing the age-related cardiovascular dysfunction and the risks of CVD. Exercise is a crucial means for the treatment and rehabilitation of CVD. Exercise reduces the risk factors of CVD, remodels the cardiovascular structure, and increases the resistance of heart to detrimental stimulus, which promotes healthy cardiovascular aging. The improved mitochondrial function via exercise plays a key role in the health effects of exercise. In addition, exercise promotes the secretion of exerkines in various tissues and organs, which plays a role in reducing inflammation, improving metabolism, inhibiting apoptosis, etc., thus benefiting cardiovascular health. This review discusses the mechanism and potential application of exercise in promoting healthy cardiovascular aging. Exploring the specific mechanisms underlying exercise-induced cardiovascular health and formulating accurate exercise prescriptions for different populations is an important direction to promote healthy cardiovascular aging and prevent CVD.

Key words: Exercise; cardiovascular aging; mitochondria; exerkine

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：张星　　E-mail: zhangxing@fmmu.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2023.0091

引用本文：

李敏, 冯梦雅, 冯梓航, 李嘉, 张星, 高峰. 运动促进心血管健康衰老[J]. 生理学报 2023; 75 (6): 887-902.

LI Min, FENG Meng-Ya, FENG Zi-Hang, LI Jia, ZHANG Xing, GAO Feng. Exercise promotes healthy cardiovascular aging. Acta Physiol Sin 2023; 75 (6): 887-902 (in Chinese with English abstract).