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ATP和腺苷酸调节运动时骨骼肌血流

白诗雅^*

香港大学生理学系和心脏血管研究所，香港

摘要

在50多年前，腺苷酸已被发现是一种骨骼肌血流调节分子。此观点的提出是由于有学者在研究骨骼肌收缩过程中发现ATP消耗量增加导致净ATP的分解，并促使其分解产物腺苷酸通过细胞间隙扩散至血液中。在移除腺苷酸的过程中，腺苷酸能够松弛血管平滑肌从而能为骨骼肌收缩增加血流量与氧气。多年来这一机制已被广泛得到认知，但其中仍有一些尚待解决的问题。腺苷酸不仅松弛血管平滑肌，更有助于运动充血。然而，腺苷酸形成于胞外的这一发现将研究重点转向了腺苷酸的前身——ATP。多种组织能够释放ATP，产生各种生理效应，包括调节血管收缩与舒张、调控骨骼肌血流控制的神经机制等。本文针对ATP和腺苷酸调控的伴随收缩活动的骨骼肌扩张问题进行综述。

关键词： 腺苷酸; ATP; 骨骼肌; 运动; 血流

分类号：R337

ATP and adenosine in the regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise

Heather J. Ballard^*

Department of Physiology and Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Abstract

Adenosine was identified as a regulator of skeletal muscle blood flow almost 50 years ago. It was first proposed that increased use of ATP during muscle contractions led to net ATP breakdown, and its breakdown product, adenosine, diffused through the interstitial space to the blood stream to be washed away. En-route to its removal, adenosine was suggested to relax the vascular smooth muscle, thereby increasing the blood flow and oxygen supply to the contracting muscle. This mechanism has been researched quite intensively over the years, yet there are still many aspects that remain unclear. It has been confirmed that adenosine does, indeed, relax vascular smooth muscle and contribute to exercise hyperaemia, but the discovery that adenosine was formed extracellularly has shifted the research focus onto its precursor, ATP. ATP is released from many tissues, and produces many effects, including both vasodilation and vasoconstriction, as well as modulation of the neural mechanisms for skeletal muscle blood flow control. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the contributions of adenosine and ATP to the skeletal muscle vasodilation that accompanies contractile activity.

Key words: adenosine; ATP; skeletal muscle; exercise; blood flow

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：白诗雅　　E-mail: ballard@hkucc.hku.hk

引用本文：

白诗雅. ATP和腺苷酸调节运动时骨骼肌血流[J]. 生理学报 2014; 66 (1): 76-78.

Heather J. Ballard. ATP and adenosine in the regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise. Acta Physiol Sin 2014; 66 (1): 76-78 (in Chinese with English abstract).