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联会复合体：减数分裂的结构基础

蒋涵玮^1,2,3, 江小华^1,2,3, 叶经纬^1,2,3, 史庆华^1,2,3,*

¹中国科学技术大学附属第一医院，合肥 230027；²中国科学技术大学生命科学学院，合肥 230027；³中国科学技术大学合肥微尺度物质科学国家科学中心，合肥 230027

摘要

减数分裂是有性生殖生物产生单倍体配子的特殊分裂方式，其第一次分裂(减数分裂I)过程中同源染色体的行为是最 突出的特征。在减数分裂I，同源染色体间形成的联会复合体通过促进和调控程序性DNA双链断裂的形成和修复，确保同源 染色体正确的识别、配对、重组和分离，从而为减数分裂I的顺利完成提供保障。本综述对联会复合体的组成和功能研究进 展进行了回顾，探讨了联会复合体的组装如何影响程序性DNA双链断裂的修复和交叉互换的形成，并总结了与人类生殖障 碍相关的联会复合体成分突变，还对该领域未来研究方向进行了展望。

关键词： 减数分裂; 同源染色体; 联会复合体; 人类不育

分类号：Q492;R339.2

Synaptonemal complex: the fundamental structure of meiosis

JIANG Han-Wei^1,2,3, JIANG Xiao-Hua^1,2,3, YE Jing-Wei^1,2,3, SHI Qinghua^1,2,3,*

¹The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China；²School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China；³Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China

Abstract

Meiosis is a special type of cell division to produce haploid gametes with intact genome. The behavior of homologous chromosomes during the first division (meiosis prophase I) is the most prominent feature of meiosis. During meiosis prophase I, synaptonemal complex (SC) formed between homologous chromosomes to promote the initiation and repair of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which is necessary for the correct recognition, pairing, recombination and separation of homologous chromosomes. In this paper, we reviewed the recent research progress on the composition and function of SC, discussed how the assembly of SC affected the repair of DSBs, and also summarized the known mutations on SC genes which were responsible for human reproductive disorders. On this basis, we also explored the future research direction of this field.

Key words: meiosis; homologous chromosome; synaptonemal complex; human infertility

收稿日期：2019-08-09　　录用日期：2019-10-17

通讯作者：史庆华　　E-mail: qshi@ustc.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2020.0009

引用本文：

蒋涵玮, 江小华, 叶经纬, 史庆华. 联会复合体：减数分裂的结构基础[J]. 生理学报 2020; 72 (1): 84-90.

JIANG Han-Wei, JIANG Xiao-Hua, YE Jing-Wei, SHI Qinghua. Synaptonemal complex: the fundamental structure of meiosis. Acta Physiol Sin 2020; 72 (1): 84-90 (in Chinese with English abstract).