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Exosomes and their roles in diabetes mellitus and its complications: from pathogenic, diagnostic and therapeutical perspectives

SHOU Yin^1,2, MA Yu-Hang³, HU Li², XU Ping², ZHANG Wei-Bo², GAO Yuan², ZHANG Bi-Meng^1,*

¹Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China；²Acu-Mox and Moxibustion College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China；³Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China

Abstract

Exosome is a kind of nanoscale-size extracellular vesicles secreted by the means of cell active stimulation with outer membrane structure of vacuoles corpuscle. It can carry and transfer a lot of biological molecules, such as DNA fragments, circular RNA (circRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), functional proteins, transcription factors, etc., so as to achieve the goal of information transmission between cells. The relationship between exosomes and diabetes has received extensive attention in recent years. The exosomes play an important role in insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis and vascular endothelial function. This paper reviews the role of exosomes in the occurrence and development of diabetes and its complications, and discusses the role and prospect of exosomes as a target for diabetes treatment and its role in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.

Key words: exosomes; diabetes; diabetic complications

Received: 2019-03-29　　Accepted: 2019-05-21

Corresponding author: 张必萌　　E-mail: pjzhtiger08@aliyun.com

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2019.0059

Citing This Article：

SHOU Yin, MA Yu-Hang, HU Li, XU Ping, ZHANG Wei-Bo, GAO Yuan, ZHANG Bi-Meng. Exosomes and their roles in diabetes mellitus and its complications: from pathogenic, diagnostic and therapeutical perspectives. Acta Physiol Sin 2019; 71 (6): 917-934 (in Chinese with English abstract).