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运动通过骨脂crosstalk改善骨质疏松症

欧亿林¹, 彭睿¹, 徐少杰¹, 翁锡全^2,3, 元宇^2,3,*

¹广州体育学院研究生院，广州 510620；²广州体育学院运动与健康学院，广州 510620；³广州体育学院广东省运动与健康重点实验室，广州 510620

摘要

骨质疏松症(osteoporosis, OP)是一种常见的全身性代谢性骨病，其主要特征为骨量减少及骨微结构破坏。近年来的研究表明，OP的发生与骨脂代谢失衡密切相关。骨和脂肪之间可通过分泌骨源性因子或脂肪因子传递化学信号并相互影响，这种骨脂crosstalk 是维持骨脂平衡的关键。同时，Wnt/β-catenin、骨形态发生蛋白(bone morphogenetic protein, BMP)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ (peroxisome proliferatoractivatedreceptor γ, PPARγ)以及Notch，Hedgehog 和PI3K/Akt 等多个信号通路也可对骨脂crosstalk 发挥调控效应。此外，在骨髓微环境中，骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, BMSC)、成骨细胞、破骨细胞、骨细胞与脂肪细胞之间也存在密切的交互关系，共同维持着骨脂代谢平衡。运动作为一种无创的干预手段，可对骨组织、脂肪组织及骨髓脂肪组织进行多方面调节，在改善OP方面显示出巨大的应用潜力。尽管运动改善骨脂代谢的效果已被广泛证实，但其具体分子机制及对骨脂crosstalk 的作用仍需进一步探究。鉴于此，本文在综述骨脂crosstalk 相关研究进展的基础上，概述了运动对骨脂crosstalk的影响及其在改善OP中的作用机制，旨在为OP的运动防治提供理论依据。

关键词： 运动; 骨脂crosstalk; 骨代谢; 脂代谢; 骨质疏松症

Exercise improves osteoporosis through bone-fat crosstalk

OU Yi-Lin¹, PENG Rui¹, XU Shao-Jie¹, WENG Xi-Quan^2,3, YUAN Yu^2,3,*

¹School of Graduate, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510620, China；²School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510620, China；³Guangdong Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510620, China

Abstract

Osteoporosis (OP) is a prevalent systemic metabolic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and compromised bone microstructure. Recent studies have demonstrated that the occurrence of OP is closely related to the imbalance of bone and lipid metabolism. Bone and lipid can communicate and influence each other by secreting bone-derived factors or adipokines. This kind of crosstalk is crucial for maintaining the equilibrium between bone and fat. Meanwhile, multiple signaling pathways such as Wnt/β - catenin, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), Notch, Hedgehog, and PI3K/Akt pathways can also regulate bone-fat crosstalk. In addition, in the bone marrow microenvironment, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and adipocytes also have close interactions, jointly maintaining bone-lipid metabolic balance. Exercise, as a non-invasive intervention method, can regulate bone tissue, adipose tissue, and bone marrow adipose tissue in multiple aspects and shows great potential in improving OP. Although the effect of exercise on bone-lipid metabolism has been widely confirmed, its specific molecular mechanism and its role in bone-fat crosstalk still need further exploration. In light of this, based on the review of research progress related to bone-fat crosstalk, this article summarizes the effects of exercise on this crosstalk and its underlying mechanism in improving OP, providing theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of OP through exercise.

Key words: Exercise; bone-fat crosstalk; bone metabolism; lipid metabolism; osteoporosis

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：元宇　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2025.0073

引用本文：

欧亿林, 彭睿, 徐少杰, 翁锡全, 元宇. 运动通过骨脂crosstalk改善骨质疏松症[J]. 生理学报 2026; 78 (2): 395-412.

OU Yi-Lin, PENG Rui, XU Shao-Jie, WENG Xi-Quan, YUAN Yu. Exercise improves osteoporosis through bone-fat crosstalk. Acta Physiol Sin 2026; 78 (2): 395-412 (in Chinese with English abstract).